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The 1996 ACM Professional Programmers Contest

Pump Drop Estimator

Input file: pump.in

The Coastal Rescue Society is working to improve its performance in the delivery of rescue equipment to vessels in distress. The most common configuration for delivery includes a rescue/salvage pump along with a rescue kit containing plugging/patching supplies, life preservers, food, water and flares. The society has recently acquired a system for delivery of this equipment that is designed to be dropped from a small airplane.

The new system consists of two soft-sided containers with attached drogue parachutes connected by a variable length tether. The first soft-sided container is designed to house the rescue/salvage pump; the rescue kit is placed in the second. The tether is a floatable line that can be adjusted in length from 100 to 400 feet with a targeting mark attached to its center. When dropping the system to a vessel in distress, the intention is to drop the containers on a course into the wind so that the first one drops on one side of the vessel and the other drops on the opposite side, with the center of the tether on the vessel. The figure to the right roughly depicts the system (without the parachutes) when properly deployed.

The trick to properly deploying the system is to accurately estimate when to drop the initial container so that the entire system can be deployed to straddle the vessel in distress without hitting it and causing further damage. Once the tether is across the vessel, the people on board can haul in the containers to retrieve the rescue equipment.

Factors associated with estimating the drop parameters are:

aircraft speed and altitude
these will not vary during the drop
wind speed and direction
these will not vary during the drop
vertical acceleration rate
determined by gravity, drogue selectio and weight of containers
horizontal drag factor
determined by drogue selection and weight of containers
terminal (maximum) vertical velocity
determined by drogue selection
tether length
The drop approach (aircraft direction) will be into the wind to minimize offline drift due to the wind and to simplify the calculation of surface speed.

Your task is to develop a tool that can be used to estimate, based on the given drop parameters, the time and distance from a distressed vessel that the system must be dropped to ensure that the tether properly straddles the vessel. In addition to its use as an estimating tool, the solution will be designed to be used in training pilots to learn about drop operations. This will be supported by an interactive graphical display that provides a time stepped plot of the system throughout its deployment.

Input

Your solution must accept multiple input data sets. Each data set represents a different set of drop parameters to be evaluated for a single drop attempt. Each set begins with a line containing the data set identification in quotes followed by a single line containing nine numbers: plot interval (in seconds), aircraft speed (in knots), aircraft altitude (in feet), wind direction (in degrees clockwise from north), wind speed (in knots), vertical acceleration rate (in feet/second2), horizontal deceleration factor (unitless), terminal vertical speed (in feet/second), and tether length (in feet). The input will be contained in a file named pumpdrop.in located in the current directory.

The end of input is denoted by a data set identification of "Done" not followed by any data.

Notes on Estimation

In estimating vertical container speed, note that the force on the container is proportional to its current vertical speed-the faster it is dropping, the greater the retarding force. In particular, if we assume the vertical speed of a container is v0 at time t = 0, then its speed at time t is given by
where k is the ratio of vertical acceleration to terminal vertical speed and a is the vertical acceleration. Horizontal speed of a container (relative to the surface) may eventually match that of the wind, but initially equals the speed of the airplane minus the speed of the wind (since it is in the opposite direction). In particular, the speed of the container at time t is given by
where w is the wind speed, p is the aircraft speed, and d is the horizontal drag factor. The position of the first container is to be estimated using notes 1 and 2 above. The position of the second container is to be similarly estimated. Then, if necessary, its position is to be adjusted so that the distance between the containers is not greater than the length of the tether, keeping the angle between the tether and the surface constant. The center of the tether should always be estimated to be on a straight line halfway between the two containers. The time when the first container is dropped should be calculated so that it will land before the vessel at a distance equal to half the length of the tether. A knot is a rate of one nautical mile per hour, or approximately 1.688 feet per second.

Sample Input

"Case 1"
0.5 150 500 045 10 32.1 0.1 100 300
"Done"
Line 1 of the sample input contains the data set identification for the data set to be analyzed. Line 2 provides the data for the drop parameters. They specify that the graphical plot will include displays at half-second intervals, the aircraft has a velocity of 150 knots and an altitude of 500 feet during the drop, and the wind is from 45 degrees at 10 knots. The containers will accelerate at 32.1 feet/second2 vertically and the horizontal drag factor is 0.1. The maximum vertical velocity is 100 feet per second and the tether has been adjusted to 300 feet in length. Line 3 of the sample input contains the end of input sentinel "Done". Output The output for your solution consists of lines in an output file and an interactive graphical display of the simulated results for each data set. File output will be placed in a file named pumpdrop.out in the current directory. Desired output for the sample input is shown below: The case identification information precedes the header which includes the wind direction (no fractional digits), aircraft speed (in feet per second; two fractional digits), the distance from the distressed vessel at which the first container is dropped (one fractional digit), and the time required for the first container to reach the surface (two fractional digits). Each of the lines after the header includes the time (in seconds) after the drop and pairs giving the horizontal and vertical distance from the distressed vessel of the first container, middle of the tether, and the second container. These values are to be displayed with one fractional digit.

Sample Output

==================================================
Case 1
==================================================
Drop Run 45 Degrees @ 236.29 fps
Estimated Drop Advance 1396.0 at time T - 7.87 secs
Time   (Start X,Y)     (Mid X,Y)     (End X,Y)
==================================================
0.0   (-1396.0,500.0)    (-1396.0,500.0)    (-1396.0,500.0)
0.5   (-1280.9,496.2)    (-1279.4,498.1)    (-1277.8,500.0)
1.0   (-1171.9,485.5)    (-1165.8,492.8)    (-1159.7,500.0)
1.5   (-1068.6,469.0)    (-1055.1,484.5)    (-1041.5,500.0)
2.0   (-970.8,447.6)    (-947.1,473.8)    (-923.4,500.0)
2.5   (-878.1,421.9)    (-841.7,460.9)    (-805.2,500.0)
3.0   (-790.4,392.6)    (-738.7,446.3)    (-687.1,500.0)
3.5   (-707.4,360.2)    (-638.2,430.1)    (-568.9,500.0)
4.0   (-628.8,325.3)    (-539.8,412.6)    (-450.8,500.0)
4.5   (-554.5,288.0)    (-446.0,391.6)    (-337.5,495.2)
5.0   (-484.2,248.9)    (-374.2,350.9)    (-264.1,452.8)
5.5   (-417.7,208.2)    (-306.0,308.3)    (-194.3,408.4)
6.0   (-354.9,166.1)    (-241.5,264.3)    (-128.0,362.4)
6.5   (-295.6,122.9)    (-180.5,219.0)    (-65.4,315.2)
7.0   (-239.6,78.6)    (-122.9,172.8)    (-6.1,266.9)
7.5   (-186.7,33.5)    (-68.4,125.7)    (49.8,218.0)
8.0   (-150.0,0.0)    (-25.0,83.0)    (99.9,165.9)
8.5   (-150.0,0.0)    (-9.8,53.3)    (130.4,106.6)
9.0   (-150.0,0.0)    (-2.3,26.1)    (145.4,52.2)
9.5   (-150.0,0.0)    (0.0,3.2)    (149.9,6.3)
10.0   (-150.0,0.0)    (0.0,0.0)    (150.0,0.0)
Drop Complete

==================================================
All Data Sets Complete
==================================================

Sample Interactive Graphical Display

The interactive graphical display as shown to the right consists of a form with three frames or designated areas on the screen. The Echo Input area will include a scrollable list box which echoes the information from the input file. The Echo Output area will include a scrollable list box which echoes the information included in the output file. The Plot Area contains a graphical depiction of the drop scenario scaled to (2000 feet to +500 feet horizontally by +1500feet to (100 feet vertically with horizontal and vertical axes plotted as shown.

The plot for the deployed system shall clearly display the two containers, the tether line, and its midpoint.

You must include an INIT button to activate program setup and initialization functions, a NEXT button to activate processing and display of the next (or first) data set, and a DONE button to clean up program functions and exit. The plot for each data set must remain visible until the NEXT or DONE button is clicked.


This page maintained by Ed Karrels.
Last updated September 20, 1999